Guided Instructions: Create Records for Photographs
This page refers to records for photographs, which may include:
images captured on film as negatives or positives (slides, transparencies)
images printed from negatives on paper
image files captured by a digital camera
photographic images captured on metal (tintypes)
photographic images captured on glass as negatives (glass plates) or positives (ambrotypes)
images printed on paper and affixed to a mat or paper (such as a scrapbook page) when the photograph(s) are the primary content
How to use these instructions:
This page walks step-by-step through creating a record for a photograph with yes/no questions to guide how an editor should enter information for each field.
Although it includes quite a bit of detail, there may be specific situations that are not covered (e.g., formatting for unusual names, less common issues, etc.), so there are links to the full guidelines for each field to see more extensive explanations and example values.
Information should generally based off what you can see on the item that you’re describing, but for some collections there may be other sources of information (e.g., a spreadsheet, finding aid, notes attached to items by donors or researchers, etc.), and should be incorporated appropriately. For example, if a question says “do you know when the photograph was taken” the answer could be “yes” if you have it from a known source, even if the date isn’t written on the item.
Example values link to public records but not everything in the full metadata will necessarily apply.
In some cases, it may also help to look for similar items or collections that are already publicly visible.
Note: If you are not familiar with the UNTL metadata editing system or have not used it recently, it may also help to review some of the other general information such as the page about navigating the system or completing metadata.
Title
Question
Does the photograph have an official title assigned by the photographer?
Yes |
No |
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Note This is extremely uncommon, unless the photograph is an artwork by a professional photographer |
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Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Does the photograph belong to an archival series?
Yes |
No |
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Note It is uncommon to have multiple titles for photographs unless they are part of archival collections |
Continue to the next field. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Creator
Question
Is there a photographer name on the item, or do you know who took the photo?
Yes |
No |
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Note In some less-common situations, a photograph may have been taken under the auspices of a known organization by an un-named “staff photographer.” If that applies, list the known entity as the organizational creator and add “Staff photographer” in the info text box at the bottom of the field |
Skip the creator field. Use the “x” if there are placeholder values to clear the entire entry. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Contributor
Question
Is there another person or organization directly related to the item? For example:
someone who donated the physical item to the partner institution
someone who currently owns the photo, other than the partner institution
a person or organization that printed a photo other than the photographer (generally not used for commercial entities like “Kodak”)
Yes |
No |
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Note This is not particularly common, and tends to be applicable for specific collections Warning A name can only be listed once total in creator AND contributor, even if a person or organization has multiple roles (e.g., photographer and donor) – i.e., a contributor name cannot be repeated and a creator cannot also be listed as a contributor |
Skip the contributor field. Use the “x” if there are placeholder values to clear the entire entry. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Does the content of the image contain an artwork, building, or item for which the creator is known & important?
Yes |
No |
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Note This is also not common and generally used specifically when architecture or artworks are the primary content |
Skip the contributor field. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Publisher
Question
Was the photograph formally published?
Yes |
No |
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Note This field almost never applies to photographs, but may be relevant for advertising or promotional images released by government agencies, corporations, etc. |
Skip the publisher field. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Date
Question
Do you know when the photograph was taken?
Yes |
No |
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Note There is one special case: if the photo is a copy photo or reproduction, the creation date should be when that item was made, not the original (which will be reflected as content/coverage) Warning Dates must conform to the ISO Extended Date/Time Format (ETDF) standard; a warning will display on the right side of the edit screen if a non-valid date is entered to alert the editor that there is a problem |
Note This will automatically display publicly as “Creation Date: Unknown” |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Language
Question
Is there any language visible in the image or written on the photograph?
Yes |
No |
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Note Names are not considered “language” so if the only text is names – e.g., identifying persons in the image or pictured signage with store names – choose “No Language” |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Description
Content Description
The content description is required; it is based on looking at the photo and describing what is visible in the image
Generally the description should not repeat information from other parts of the record (e.g., creator, creation date) and should provide more detail than the title
The description should focus on what is in the image rather than context or assumptions about what might be happening
There will generally be a placeholder entry labeled “content description” in the record
Step 1. Start with “Photograph of”
We do this to help orient users when they view a list of search results and to provide more context when metadata is harvested to other locations (like DPLA)
When applicable, this could be modified slightly, e.g., “Portrait of” / “Aerial photograph of” / etc.
Step 2. Describe anything of significance in the image, usually around 1-3 sentences, for example:
Are there people or animals in the image?
Do you know names and/or identities (e.g., pictured from left to right)?
What are the people or animals doing in the image?
If it is a portrait (usually taken in a studio), how is the person posing and are they fully visible?
Are there buildings in the image?
What kind of building is it (school building, store, house, etc.)?
Is the name or address of the building known?
Are there distinguishing features?
Was the photo taken inside or outside? At a particular angle, looking up or down?
Is there anything taking up a large amount of space (e.g., left/right side of the image, foreground/background, etc.)?
It is generally helpful to mainly describe anything that is the focus of the image, but most of the time there should also be at least a brief mention of anything else (e.g., something partially visible on one side of the photo, something in the background, etc.)
What else is visible around the people, buildings, etc.?
Step 3. When relevant, it may also be helpful to include additional information on the item, such as a handwritten note on the back
This information may also be appropriate in a display note, especially if the description is already long
It is not necessary to incorporate information in the description and repeat it as quoted text
Note
Remember that contextual information generally belongs in a note, unless it is very brief, for example:
additional information about how/when a photo was taken
biographical information about a person in a photo
details about locations in the image (e.g., when a house was built and its ownership history)
other related historical information (e.g., about an event happening in the image)
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Physical Description
The physical description is not required, but is encouraged and is easy to include at least in part
There will generally be a placeholder entry labeled “physical description” in the record; details in the placeholder should be checked for the individual photograph and changed (if different) or removed if they cannot be verified (e.g., if dimensions are unknown)
Step 1. List the number of photograph(s)
This is almost always 1 photograph
Occasionally there might be more than one photo, e.g., multiple photos printed on or affixed to a page, two daguerreotypes in a case, etc.
Step 2. Add any details about format and color after “ : “
Is this image any format other than a photo printed on paper? E.g.:
negative (on film), positive (slide), glass photonegative (negative on glass)
digital
daguerreotype (printed on silver-plated copper), tintype (printed on metal)
ambrotype (negative on glass in a dark case)
Is the image color (col.) or black-and-white (b&w)?
Step 3. If known, add dimensions after “ ; “ in h x w using appropriate units
Is the image a “standard size”? (See the full list.)
for prints: 8 x 10 in. / 5 x 7 in. / 4 x 6 in.
for negatives: 35 mm. (also applies to slides) / 4 x 5 in. / 6 x 6 cm. / 6 x 9 cm.
cabinet cards: 17 x 12 cm. (this is 4.5 x 6.5 in.)
cartes de visite: 11 x 7 cm. (this is 4 x 2.5 in.)
if it is NOT a standard size, measure total dimensions rounding up to the next whole cm.
for born-digital images: h x w px. (pixels)
Is the image in something (like a frame or folder), or affixed to something (like a page or mat)? If yes:
add a comma after initial dimensions and add additional details, such as:
on sheet h x w cm.
in frame h x w cm.
in folder h x w cm., folded to h x w cm.
on mat h x w cm.
in case h x w cm., folded to h x w cm.
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Subject
At least two (2) subjects of any type are required for every metadata record
There may be suggested placeholder terms in the record; any terms that are not useful to find that specific photo should be changed or removed
The use of controlled vocabularies is not required (except UNTL-BS for photos in the Portal and Gateway), but when available they may be helpful in some circumstances outlined below
Keywords & Names
Keywords can be used for any term that would be helpful to someone searching for this particular photo
They should be lowercase and plural (unless they are proper names)
Do not duplicate information from other fields (e.g., creator, coverage place, resource type) or from other subject terms
Examples of what these values might look like: |
If a person or animal is physically visible in an image and you know their name, add a named person or named animal entry
When a person is related to the content (e.g., John Smith’s house) but not visible, the name can be a keyword
Invert personal names (last, first); nicknames may be included in subjects (but not in creator/contributor)
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Named Persons |
Named Animals |
Other Common Subjects
Question
Will this photograph be visible in The Portal to Texas History or the Gateway to Oklahoma History?
Yes |
No |
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Note Do not repeat terms to include different parts of the hierarchy, e.g., if Business, Economics and Finance - Transportation - Railroads - Trains is an appropriate term, do not also include “Business, Economics and Finance - Transportation - Railroads” or “Business, Economics and Finance - Transportation”, etc. Note There is a term for “Business, Economics and Finance - Service Industries - Photography” but this ONLY applies when the content of the image is about photography (e.g., a person taking a photograph), not for all photos or photo collections loosely related to the photography industry |
If this photo will only be available in the UNT Digital Library, do not include UNTL-BS terms. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Is the content related to a famous person, event, or location? or Do you already have relevant LCSH terms available?
Yes |
No |
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Do not add LCSH terms. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Does a primary part of the content include buildings, sculpture, or artworks? or Is the photograph a particular kind of “view”?
Yes |
No |
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Note Only the preferred (linked) term is valid |
Do not add AAT terms. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Is the image a particular kind of photograph?
Yes |
No |
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Note Both LCGFT and TGM also have searchable pop-up modals in the edit system when those options are chosen in the drop-down menu |
Note Some groups choose to use TGM terms to describe the content of photos instead of relying on keywords; this is not an issue so long as the terms are appropriate, TGM terms do not duplicate other subjects, and UNTL-BS terms are also added (when required) |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Additional Subjects
For certain collections, other kinds of controlled subjects may be used (Chenhall’s Nomenclature, Homosaurus, Medical Subject Headings, etc.)
Note that you should not include terms that are inappropriate for the collections or material type, even though they may be available, for example:
Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus: applies to recordings or musical literature (for images of instruments use keywords, AAT, etc.)
Legislative Indexing Vocabulary/Legislative Subject Terms: applies to government documents and is used in specific collections
Coverage
Question
Do you know where the photograph was taken?
Yes |
No |
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Note A single photo can only have content from one location. If an image may have been taken in multiple possible locations, use a less specific place if there is a common denominator and add a display note with more details. |
Do not include a coverage place. Use the “x” if there is a placeholder value to clear the entire entry. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Do you know when the photograph was taken, or a rough time period?
Yes |
No |
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Note An appropriate time period can be added even if the exact date is unknown; however, time period is only used for items that will display in the Portal |
Do not include a coverage date. Use the “x” if there is a placeholder value to clear the entire entry. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Do you know EXACTLY where the photograph was taken, e.g., an address or landmark?
Yes |
No |
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Note Coordinates are automatically entered by the system after a point or box is marked on the map interface |
Do not include a coverage place point or box. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Note
Question
Do you have additional information about the item that doesn’t fit elsewhere and would he helpful for public users? For example:
contextual information about the image content (such as biographical information about a person, previous ownership of a house or history of a store, etc.)
unclear information or variations that cannot be clarified (such as multiple possible photographers without a known creator, multiple possible locations, etc.)
Yes |
No |
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Do not include a note. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question
Do you have additional information about the item that would be important for administrators or curators? For example:
notes about information discrepancies or research related to the item
archival information about the photo’s accession, preservation, physical location, etc.
Yes |
No |
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Do not include a note. |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Lesser-Used Fields
The rest of the available fields are either rarely used for photographs, or usually pre-populated during upload and rarely changed. Use the links to get additional information and resources when needed. Here is a brief explanation of how the fields are used (and why you likely won’t edit them), along with a series of questions to help you determine if an exception might apply for a specific item:
primary source - photographs are generally considered primary sources (and this is usually pre-marked)
source - source generally reflects a parent item if we separate a part (e.g., a map from a report)
citation - this is mainly used to parse citation components for items published as serials (like journal articles)
relation - relationships connect two or more items in the Digital Collections when they are related in specific ways
collection and institution - these fields are pre-set and should not be changed because they are used to provide editing access; you may lose permissions if you change these values
rights - there is a general, systemwide rights statement in the public interface, so most rights information is only added when there is something explicitly noted for the item
resource type - generally pre-set to “photograph”
format - generally pre-set to “image” (format matches resource type)
identifier - most photographs will be uploaded with the locally-assigned identifier already entered in the identifier field (i.e., the identifier that the partner organization or owner uses to match the digital copy to the physical copy); photographs rarely have additional identifiers
degree - the degree field is only used for items created at UNT to document the originating college/department
Possible Exceptions
If YES: |
Examples of what these values might look like: |
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Question Was the photograph taken at/part of an art exhibit? |
Note If the original source is an item that is also available the Digital Collections, the relation field is likely more appropriate |
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Question Was the photograph taken during a conference? |
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Question Was this photograph originally part of or published in a larger item such as a book, report, newspaper, etc. |
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Question Is the photo part of a formal archival collection? |
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Question Do you have multiple similar copies of the photograph captured in the same or different mediums that are all in the Digital Collections? |
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Question Is there another digital item that references the photograph in its content, such as a letter, article, or other text? |
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Question Did the photographer copyright or assign a Creative Commons (CC) license to the image? |
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Question Is there a rights or usage statement on the photo? |
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Question Is the photo printed as a postcard? |
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Question Is there another identifier associated with the photo that is not in the record, such as a negative or photo number on the photo or container? |
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Completing the Record
Double-check the right side of the screen:
Are there any field counts in red? (These are required fields that have missing values.)
Are there any warning messages? (Check any fields that need review, resolve any issues for dates, subjects, etc.)
Clicking the “Publish” button will save any changes you have made to the record
Most of the time you should mark the record “visible” if all information has been entered, to make the record public
If you need to come back to a record later, you can leave the record hidden and publish changes to save the current version